Humoral Response Decreases in Hemodialysis Patients 6 Months After The Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine
Humoral Response in COVID-19 Vaccine
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13920454Keywords:
Hemodialysis, COVID-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 antibodyAbstract
Background: This study evaluated the antibody levels six months after the administration of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: A total of 52 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in the study. Antibody levels were assessed using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay, designed to detect IgG antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain of the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Results: The incidence of COVID-19 infection within six months following the third vaccine dose was 29.6% (8 patients: 2 males, 25%; 6 females, 75%). Among patients who did not contract COVID-19 within this period, 9 were male (47.4%) and 10 were female (52.6%). There was no statistically significant association between gender and the incidence of COVID-19 within six months post-vaccination (p= 0.280). The median antibody level post-third dose was 7332.4 AU/mL (range: 10.5–40,000), which significantly decreased at the sixth month to 3238.4 AU/mL (range: 17–29,994.7) (p= 0.001). No significant difference between male and female patients was observed in the sixth-month antibody titers (p= 0.744). Furthermore, when analyzed by vaccine type, there was no statistically significant difference in the decline of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels between recipients of CoronaVac/Sinovac and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) [median (min-max) antibody levels: CoronaVac/Sinovac 2398.2 AU/mL (59.2–38,981.5); BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) 11,325.7 AU/mL (17–40,000), (p= 0.181)] at the end of the sixth month.
Conclusion: Antibody titers in hemodialysis patients significantly decreased by the end of the sixth month following the third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, independent of the vaccine type. This decline highlights the potential necessity for additional booster doses to enhance and maintain immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population.
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