Exosomes: Emerging Tools in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications—Challenges and Future Prospects
Exosome Therapy
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13338077Keywords:
Exosome, diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic delivery, cancer, regenerative medicineAbstract
Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, have significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential, as accumulating evidence highlights their critical role in intercellular communication and therapeutic applications. This study provides a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis, their biological functions, and the mechanisms through which they influence pathological processes, particularly in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic potential of exosomes is explored in depth, highlighting their application in drug delivery, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the study discusses recent advances in engineering exosomes for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, including the development of strategies for targeted delivery and overcoming biological barriers. The dual role of exosomes in cancer biology—both as facilitators of tumor progression and as tools for therapy—is also elaborated upon, providing insights into their complex nature. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and future perspectives in exosome research, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and further clinical trials to fully realize the potential of exosome-based therapies.
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